Ant spider

male Mallinella fulvipes

female Mallinella shimojanai
Ant spiders are members of the family Zodariidae. They are small to medium-sized eight-eyed spiders found world-wide in tropical to warm temperate regions, though there are relatively few species in North America.

Some zodariids are ant mimics. Although ant mimicry is quite common in spiders, the form it takes in the zodariids is unusual because, although each species bears a morphological resemblance to the species of ant that forms its prey, the resemblance is not particularly close. It is enhanced by the spider's behaviour. The spiders live in association with a nest of ants of their prey species, and use their mimicry to enter and leave the nest unmolested (if the ants detected them as intruders they would mass to repel and perhaps kill them). The spiders walk on only the three rear pairs of legs, and if they encounter an ant during their forays into the nest territory, they touch their front legs to the ant's antennae in the same way as another ant would with its own antennae. If they have already captured an ant, they then offer that towards the challenging ant, which inspects it and behaves towards the spider as if it were another ant carrying a dead conspecific away from the nest (a common behaviour among ants).

It is likely that the spiders also derive some protection against predation from their similarity to the ants, since ants are unpalatable to many species that eat spiders.

Systematics

The categorization into subfamilies follows Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog.

Cydrelinae Simon, 1893
Aschema Jocqué, 1991
Caesetius Simon, 1893
Capheris Simon, 1893
Cydrela Thorell, 1873
Eocydrele Petrunkevitch, 1958 † (fossil)
Procydrela Jocqué, 1999
Psammoduon Jocqué, 1991
Psammorygma Jocqué, 1991
Rotundrela Jocqué, 1999
Cyriocteinae Jocqué, 1991
Cyrioctea Simon, 1889
Lachesaninae Jocqué, 1991
Antillorena Jocqué, 1991
Australutica Jocqué, 1995
Lachesana Strand, 1932
Lutica Marx, 1891
Sterenomorphinae Simon, 1893
Chariobas Simon, 1893
Cicynethus Simon, 1910
Madrela Jocqué, 1991
Storenomorpha Simon, 1884
Thaumastochilus Simon, 1897
Storeninae Simon, 1893
Amphiledorus Jocqué & Bosmans, 2001
Asceua Thorell, 1887
Asteron Jocqué, 1991
Basasteron Baehr, 2003
Cavasteron Baehr & Jocqué, 2000
Chilumena Jocqué, 1995
Cybaeodamus Mello-Leitão, 1938
Euasteron Baehr, 2003
Forsterella Jocqué, 1991
Habronestes L. Koch, 1872
Hermippus Simon, 1893
Hetaerica Rainbow, 1916
Ishania Chamberlin, 1925
Leprolochus Simon, 1893
Leptasteron Baehr & Jocqué, 2001
Mallinella Strand, 1906
Minasteron Baehr & Jocqué, 2000
Neostorena Rainbow, 1914
Nostera Jocqué, 1991
Pax Levy, 1990
Pentasteron Baehr & Jocqué, 2001
Phenasteron Baehr & Jocqué, 2001
Platnickia Jocqué, 1991
Pseudasteron Jocqué & Baehr, 2001
Selamia Simon, 1873
Spinasteron Baehr, 2003
Storena Walckenaer, 1805
Storosa Jocqué, 1991
Subasteron Baehr & Jocqué, 2001
Tenedos O. P.-Cambridge, 1897
Tropasteron Baehr, 2003
Zillimata Jocqué, 1995
Zodariinae Thorell, 1881
Akyttara Jocqué, 1987
Diores Simon, 1893
Dusmadiores Jocqué, 1987
Heradida Simon, 1893
Mallinus Simon, 1893
Mastidiores Jocqué, 1987
Microdiores Jocqué, 1987
Palaestina O. P.-Cambridge, 1872
Palfuria Simon, 1910
Ranops Jocqué, 1991
Suffasia Jocqué, 1991
Trygetus Simon, 1882
Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826
incertae sedis
Adjutor Petrunkevitch, 1942 † (fossil)
Admissor Petrunkevitch, 1942 † (fossil)
Anniculus Petrunkevitch, 1942 † (fossil)
Colima Jocqué & Baert, 2006
Cryptothele L. Koch, 1872 (Southeast Asia)
Epicratinus Jocqué & Baert, 2006
Euryeidon Dankittipakul & Jocqué, 2004
Heradion Dankittipakul & Jocqué, 2004
Holasteron Baehr, 2004
Masasteron Baehr, 2003
Notasteron Baehr, 2001
Tropizodium Jocqué & Churchill, 2005
Zodariellum Andreeva & Tyschchenko, 1968

source - Wikipedia
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